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The C Programmer’s Guide to the Mosaic Handheld

Table of Contents

PART 1 GETTING STARTED

Introduction. How to Use This Manual

Chapter 1: Getting to Know Your Handheld Instrument

Introducing the Mosaic Handheld

Choice of Programming Languages

Hardware Functionality

Memory and Mass Memory

Measurement and Control

Communications

Personality Board and Extensible I/O

Getting to Know Your Hardware

Chapter 2: Powering Your Handheld

PART 2 PROGRAMMING THE MOSAIC HANDHELD

Chapter 3: Your First Program

Chapter 4: The IDE: Writing, Compiling, Downloading and Debugging Programs

Chapter 5: Making Effective Use of Memory

Chapter 6: Real Time Programming

Chapter 7: Failure and Run-Time Error Recovery

Chapter 8: Programming the Graphical User Interface

PART 3 COMMUNICATIONS, MEASUREMENT, AND CONTROL

Chapter 9: Digital and Timer-Controlled I/O

Chapter 10: Data Acquisition

Chapter 11: Serial Communications

Chapter 12: The Battery-Backed Real Time Clock

Chapter 13: Customizing the Handheld's I/O

PART 4: REFERENCE DATA

Appendix A: GUI Function Reference

Appendix B: Handheld Schematics

Chapter 1 (continued)

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Getting to Know Your Hardware

Handheld Starter Kit

If you purchased a Mosaic Handheld Starter Kit, you should have received the following.  If you are missing any of these items, please contact us immediately:

    1. A Mosaic Handheld with

          -MM option – memory expanded to 1 MB Flash and 512K RAM (battery backed by the NiMH battery pack),

          -RB option – real-time clock, and

          -BT option – high capacity NiMH batteries;

    2. Serial cables including

          9-pin DB-9 PC serial cable  (Part No. PCC9-232),

          Dual 9-pin DB-9 to 10-pin IDC cable (Part No. QED-COM-CABLE-9), and,

          25-pin DB-25M to 9-pin DB-9F serial adapter cable for connection to the Handheld’s DB-25F (Part No. HHADAP-9F25M);

    3. A 40-pin ribbon cable to connect the Handheld’s processor and power boards when the unit is opened (HH-40-CABLE);

    4. A 25V, 20W power adapter (Part No.PS-HH-24V);

    5. A CD-ROM containing:

          The Mosaic IDE and the Control-C Compiler, integrated within the Mosaic IDE;

          Documentation;

          Program examples; and,

          Motorola M68HC11 Reference Manual and MC68HC11F1 Technical Data Manual (Part No. MAN-HC11);

    6. A User’s Guide on how to use the Kernel Extension Manager for additional Wildcard Drivers.

Opening and Closing the Handheld

Opening the Handheld is required to access the serial communications header, install new WildCards, or customize the Personality Board.

Before attempting to open the enclosure, be sure all cables are removed from the enclosure including the power cable and any DB-25 tether, and that the Handheld is off.  If the Handheld is on, holding down the ON/OFF key for longer than three seconds will turn it off. To open the enclosure, turn the Handheld over so that the display is face down (but be careful not to scratch it).  Remove the six screws that fasten the battery compartment cover using a Phillips screwdriver and remove the battery compartment cover.  The battery compartment is located on the bottom of the Handheld on the back of its handle.  There are four additional screws located under the battery compartment cover in addition to the four holes on the top of the Handheld.  Remove these eight screws with a Phillips screwdriver to open the enclosure.

You can then gently pull apart the two half shells. You’ll notice that the processor board, mounted on the top shell just under the keypad, and the power board, mounted on the bottom shell just over the battery compartment, had been connected together with a single high-density connector.

Once open, you can operate the Handheld by connecting a cable between the high-density connectors on the processor and power boards.  A 40-pin ribbon cable is supplied for that purpose.  When using it, be sure that the marked side of the ribbon cable connects to the pin 1 end of both connectors. You can also connect the 10-pin serial cable to the processor board’s serial header, shown in Figure 1‑2.

Connecting Cables for Development

Once the enclosure is open, the handheld separates into two pieces.  The top shell contains the Proc-essor Board (including CPU, memory, and logic), Personality Board, CF WildCard or other installed WildCards, Display, and Keypad.  The bottom shell contains the Power Board and battery compartment.  To establish serial communication with the Handheld, connect the DB-9 serial cable to your PC.  Next, connect the Handheld Serial Cable to the DB-9 Serial Cable and the dual row IDC connector to the shrouded 10-pin serial header H4 on the Processor Board.  You can also connect you serial line to the external DB25 connector whether the Handheld is open or closed.

Carefully connect the male end of the 40-pin ribbon cable to the female connector on the Processor Board.  When inserting the male connector gently insert it dead center.  If it is angled too far from vertical it is very easy to permanently damage the connector on the Processor Board.  Also, be sure you connect pin 1 of the cable, as indicated by the red stripe, to pin 1 of the header, as indicated by the silk screen on the Processor Board PCB.  Be careful!  The connector and the header are not shrouded or polarized, and plugging in the cable incorrectly may damage the Processor Board, any connected WildCards, or the Power Board.  Next, connect the female end of the 40-pin ribbon cable to the male connector on the Power Board.  Finally, plug in the power supply into the power jack (located on the side of the Power Board).

Turning on and Using the Handheld

With the Handheld open, you can still turn it on by pressing the ON/OFF button.  With your serial cables connected and the PC running the Mosaic Terminal program you should see the QED-Forth “ok” prompt on the PC screen.

Reassembling the Enclosure

To reassemble the Handheld first turn it off and unplug power, then remove the interconnecting cable and serial cable.  Carefully fit the two halves together.  If the halves are kept parallel as they are fit together the connector between the Processor Board and the Power Board will mate properly.  Once the two halves are firmly pressed together you can reinstall the eight screws through the Handheld’s back, then replace the battery cover and reinstall its six screws.

Why is there tape on the keypad?

You can customize the graphic used over your keypad.  The keypad includes a clear plastic overlay which forms a pocket into which you can place a paper graphic.  When shipped from the factory, the keypad is loosely attached with tape to the enclosure; the adhesive on the back of the keypad is not used to securely fasten the keypad to the enclosure.  This allows you to pull up the keypad and install your own custom graphic.  Once you have finalized your keypad design, you can remove the backing on the keypad (exposing the adhesive) and permanently attach the keypad to the enclosure. If you need help setting up your serial port or the Mosaic Terminal for communications, please refer to Chapter 3, Your First Program.

A Tour of the Processor Board

Figure 1‑2 shows a photo of the Processor Board, and diagrams the positions of the headers and jumpers. 

Figure 1‑2    Headers and Jumpers on the Handheld’s Processor Board.

The Communications Header Hosts Primary and Secondary Serial Ports

The primary serial port, designated Serial 1, can be configured for RS232 communication at standard rates up to 19,200 baud and nonstandard rates to 250,000 baud.  The secondary serial port, Serial 2, which can be used for peripheral devices such as a printer or a barcode reader, has a maximum baud rate of 4800 baud.  Both serial ports bring out their transmit and receive pins to the processor board’s communications header, H4.  The primary serial port can be jumper configured for RS485 operation; in that case, the XCVR± pins are used.  On the Personality Board the serial 1 lines can also be jumpered to the bottom-mounted DB25 connector.

H4: Communications Header

Signal

 

Pins

 

Signal

/TxD1

1

2

/RxD1

GND

3

4

GND

RS485 XCVR-

5

6

RS485 XCVR+

/TxD2

7

8

/RxD2

GND

9

10

+5V

Piezoelectric Beeper

A piezoelectric beeper mounted on the Processor Board allows audio feedback for software events such as button presses or alarms. Chapter 8, Using the Keypad and Display, discusses using the beeper.

Contrast Pot

The contrast potentiometer (pot) adjusts the contrast of the monochrome LCD display and is located next to the Configuration Jumpers. The contrast of the display is properly set before each unit is shipped.  If further adjustment is required, simply turn the pot with a small screwdriver. The contrast is also software adjustable.  Please consult the demo program for an example of programmatically changing the contrast.

Configuring Jumpers on the Processor Board

Table 1‑2 summarizes the purpose and default settings of each of the jumpers on the board.

Table 1‑2      Processor Board Jumpers

Label

Default
Setting

Description

  J1 C Protect

OFF

Write protects memory page 0x0C. Useful for “bullet proofing” a kernel extension to facilitate firmware upgrades.

  J2 NiMH/
Li RAM BB

NiMH

Chooses whether the RAM is battery-backed by the NiMH battery pack or the real-time clock’s (RTC) Li battery.  If a 512K RAM is installed, NiMH should be chosen because the RAM draws too much current for the Li battery; if a 128K RAM is installed and the RTC is installed, the Li-ion option may be chosen to backup the RAM even when the NiMH battery pack is disconnected.

  J3 Chrg Mon

ON

Enables monitoring the battery current through A/D input line PE6.  Indicates fast charge, trickle charge, and current consumption while discharging.

  J4 Bat Mon

ON

Enables monitoring the battery voltage through A/D input line PE7.

  J5 R Term

OFF

If J8 is installed, terminates the RS485 lines with 120W.  If J5 is not installed while J8 is installed, terminates with an RC combination of 120W and 0.1 mF.  RC termination is typically used in low power applications where purely resistive termination would consume too much current.

  J6 Bias+

OFF

Pull-up biases the XCVR+ RS485 line with 1KW.  Typically used to enhance noise immunity when the transmitters are inactive.  Must be used with J7.

  J7 Bias-

OFF

Pull-down biases the XCVR- RS485 line with 1KW.  Typically used to enhance noise immunity when the transmitters are inactive.  Must be used with J6.

  J8 R / RC

OFF

Used with J5, enables R or RC termination of the RS485 lines.  If not installed the lines are unterminated and J5 has no effect.

  J9 RS485

OFF

Enables RS485 communication via Serial 1.

J10 (Boot)

OFF

Puts the 68HC11 into bootstrap mode for special diagnostics.

J11 Clean

OFF

Invokes special cleanup mode on the next power-up or reset.  To return the Handheld to its pristine, right-from-the-factory condition, install J11, install the reset jumper (J12) or switch power OFF then ON, then remove both jumpers.

J12 Reset

OFF

Forces a processor reset; remove it to restore processor operation.

J13 Off Detect

OFF

Connects processor Port A pin PA0 to the ON/OFF key so that PA0 can be used to detect an ON/OFF keypress, or to programmatically turn OFF the Handheld.

J14 XCVR+_/RxD2

XCVR+

Selects whether XCVR+ or /RxD2 is connected to the Personality Board.

J15 XCVR-_/TxD2

XCVR-

Selects whether XCVR- or /TxD2 is connected to the Personality Board.

J16 /RxD1_/RxD2

/RxD1

Selects whether /RxD1 or /RxD2 is connected to the Personality Board.

J17 /TxD1_/TxD2

/TxD1

Selects whether /TxD1 or /TxD2 is connected to the Personality Board.

 

A Tour of the Personality Board

Figure 1‑3    Headers and Jumpers on the Handheld’s Personality Board.

Figure 1‑3 shows prototyping areas on the left and in the middle for you to place custom circuitry if needed.  Up to four WildCards stack on the Personality Board and ribbon cables connect their field headers to corresponding headers on the board.  All headers are mirrored with their own sea of holes for point-to-point wiring.  Any of the I/O signals from the WildCards or the Processor Board can be wired directly to the Handheld’s DB-25 connector, or they can be wired through filters, protection circuitry, or your own circuitry.  On the center right of Figure 1‑3 of you can see an area for a probe.  If you like, you can mount a probe on the center top of your Handheld and bring the signals through this connection.

There are four jumpers on the Personality Board, described in Table 1‑3, useful while you are developing new software with the enclosure closed.  Place jumpers at J1, J2 and J3 to route the serial line to the external DB25 connector, and place a jumper at J4 to route the cold reset line to the external connector.

Table 1‑3      Personality Board Jumpers.

Label

Default Setting

Description

J1 DB25 Serial

ON

Connects serial line /TXD1 or 2 (as chosen by J17 on the Processor Board) to the DB25 pin 3.  Place jumpers on J1, J2 and J3 to bring the serial line out to the DB25 connector. Useful for developing software with the case closed.

J2 DB25 Serial

ON

Connects serial line /RXD1 or 2 (as chosen by J16 on the Processor Board) to the DB25 pin 4.  Place jumpers on J1, J2 and J3 to bring the serial line out to the DB25 connector. Useful for developing software with the case closed.

J3 DB25 Serial

ON

Connects serial ground to the DB25 pin 5.  Place jumpers on J1, J2 and J3 to bring the serial line out to the DB25 connector. Useful for developing software with the case closed.

J4 Cold

ON

Connects the cold reset line to the DB25 pin 6 so that the Handheld can be reset externally.  Useful for developing on the Handheld with the case closed.

Wildcard I/O Expansion Interface

The Personality Board’s WildCard Port Headers allow you to mount up to four WildCards simultaneously.  Port 0 allows two WildCards at module addresses 01, 02, or 03.  The Handheld’s display and keypad use module number 0 so that kernel-resident software drivers can be used.  Port 1 allows two WildCards at module addresses 04-07.  The 24-pin stackable go-through WildCard headers provide the following signals:

H2 and H3: WildCard Port Headers

Signal

 

Pins

 

Signal

 

GND

1

2

+5V

 

/IRQ

3

4

V+Raw

 

SEL1_XMIT-

5

6

SEL0_XMIT+

 

MOSI_XCV-

7

8

MISO_XCV+

 

/RESET

9

10

SCK

 

/MOD.CS

11

12

16 MHz

 

E

13

14

R/W

 

/OE

15

16

/WE

 

AD7

17

18

AD6

 

AD5

19

20

AD4

 

 

AD3

21

22

AD2

 

AD1

23

24

AD0

 

A Tour of the Power Board

The Power Board contains high efficiency switching regulators to supply the various voltages required by the Handheld, as well as charging and battery management circuitry for the NiMH battery pack.  Figure 1‑4 shows the positions of various jumpers and connectors on the Power Board.

Several jumpers on the power board allow you to configure its operation as described in Table 1‑4.

Table 1‑4      Power Board Jumpers

Label

Default
Setting

Description

J1 DB25-1 / GND

GND

If installed closest to the edge of the board, connects pin 1 of the DB-25 to signal DB25_1 on the Personality Board; if it is installed closest to the DB-25 connector, pin 1 of the DB-25 is instead connected to ground.

J2 DB25-2 / EXT_VIN

EXT_VIN

If installed closest to the edge of the board, connects pin 2 of the DB-25 to signal DB25_2 on the Personality Board; if installed closest to the DB-25 connector, pin 2 of the DB-25 is instead connected to signal EXT_VIN so that the Handheld may be powered through the DB-25 connector.

J3 Bright Backlight

OFF

Sets the LED backlight current to a software-chosen 510 mA or 285 mA; when not installed sets it to software-chosen 255 mA or 140 mA.

J4 Force-On

OFF

Holds the Handheld in the ON state and can not be turned OFF.

J5 Auto-On

ON

Enables the Handheld to turn on automatically when power is applied to the power jack or to the EXT_VIN line.

Figure 1‑4    Headers and Jumpers on the Handheld’s Power Board.

 

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